For those who care more about good policy than party politics, there are unpleasant conclusions to be drawn from the federal election. The obvious one is that it was a case of policy overreach leading to failure.

The less obvious one is that decades of misbehaviour by both sides have alienated so many people from the political process and turned election campaigns into such a cesspit of misrepresentation and dishonesty that, henceforth, neither side will be game to propose or implement controversial reforms.

The election was lost by the party proposing to remove a long list of sectional tax breaks and use the proceeds to increase spending on hospitals, schools and childcare, and won by the party that couldnt agree on any major policies bar a humungous tax cut.

The risks to good economic policy are obvious. Labor concludes only a mug would try to get themselves elected on the back of good policy; the Coalition concludes you dont need to be promising to do anything much to get re-elected.

Labors conclusion could be used to reinforce the political classs widely held view that controversial reforms should only be pursued once in government, never from opposition.

Trouble is, the Coalitions conclusion could be used to argue that, if you can get re-elected without any plans to fix things, why take the risk of proposing anything that could be unpopular?

But I think the threat to good policy runs even deeper. It comes from the electorates ever-growing disillusionment and alienation from politics and politicians, and from the two main parties in particular.

Thevote for a changing array of third parties continued to rise, while the primary vote for both the majors was down though more so for Labor than the Coalition. Until now, the rise of One Nation and other populist parties of the right has been a much bigger worry for the Coalition than the Greens have been for Labor.

This time, however, many former Labor voters in outer suburban and regional electorates used One Nation and Clive Palmers United Australia Party as a bridge to switch their vote to the Liberals.

In numerical terms, thats why Labor lost. The point for good-policy advocates to note is that, when so many voters tune out of the political debate, but are still required to vote, they tend to make a last-minute choice based not on a well-informed assessment of how they would be affected by the rival parties policies, but on superficialities (that nice Mr Rudd or Shorten looks shifty to me), scare campaigns and negative advertising.

In other words, in a world where switched-off swinging voters arent even guided by_informed_self-interest, the scare campaign is king. To be blunt, the best liars win.

The Libs were convinced that former prime minister Malcolm Turnbull came so close to losing the 2016 election because of the success ofLabors Mediscare campaign, conducted at the last minute using social media.

My theory is that, this time, the Libs resolved to turn the tables. This time they made much superior use of social media to run bigger scare campaigns about Labors retirement tax and housing tax. That was mere misrepresentation of Labors policies (most of which had strong support from economists and econocrats). The anonymous soul who dreamt up thedeath taxwas an outright liar.

I think the biggest single reason so many outer-suburban and regional voters turned away from Labor was its opponents success (with much help from Palmers blanket advertising) in convincing those voters that Labor planned to increase their taxes.

In a world where switched-off swinging voters arent even guided by informed self-interest, the scare campaign is king. To be blunt, the best liars win.

My guess is that the_next_federal election will either see each side battling to out-scare the other an orgy of lies - or, more likely, neither side being game to propose any reform of consequence, for fear of having it grossly misrepresented by the other side.

The more the bad behaviour of both sides the broken promises, the hypocrisy, the spin, the abuse of statistics, the preference for bad-mouthing your opponents rather than explaining your policies continues, the more both sides will turn from substance to empty populism.

And guess what? The more they do, the more voters will disengage and become more susceptible to lies and superficialities.

From the noises Anthony Albanese has been making, everything Labor did was wrong, and every triumphalist Liberal explanation of why Labor lost is right. The trouble with Labor selecting leaders from its Left faction is that theyre so anxious to prove theyre_not_left wing (which, these days, they aren’t) they end up standing for nothing.

It would be nice if, having worked a miracle and established his authority over the Coalitions warring tribes, Scott Morrison now turns his mind to fixing at least some of the many bits of the economy that need fixing. We can but hope.

Ross Gittins is the Heralds economics editor.