_With the announcement that Rupert Murdoch is stepping down from the board of FoxNews and Newscorp, I thought was it an apt moment to reprint one of the most detailed portraits ever written of the press mogul: Alexander Cockburns 1976 profile and interview with Murdoch published in theVillage Voicein 1976, shortly after Murdoch had acquired the_New York Post.Alexs interview with Murdoch was liberally mined by William Shawcross for his otherwise demur biography of the carnivorous tycoon.JSC

Who is Rupert Murdoch, anyway?

The new game in town is guessing what Rupert Murdoch will do with the_New York Post_. The jokes abound. Smut and Socialism was one hopelessly optimistic prediction. Wags scribbled headlines such as Fiend Buys Post (from Fiend). When did you know that Murdoch had bought the_Post_, one denizen of South Street was asked. At three oclock on Friday, when I saw Wechsler and Sann in suits talking to each other, came the reply._Post_people groaned that Dolly had not even deigned to give the paper the scoop for its last edition.

But what will a newspaper proprietor with powerful publications in Australia and in Britain do, now that he has bought into the action in New York? What does his career tell us?

Murdochs father, Keith, was a famous Australian newsman, particularly noted for breaking the story, through fierce military censorship, of the ghastly British reverses in Gallipoli in 1915. In his later career, Sir Keith, as he became, built up a commanding position in Australian newspapers, notably the Melbourne_Herald_. Young Rupert, born in 1931, drank in newspaper lore at his fathers knee, received a classy education at Geelong Grammar, and, indeed, worked on the Melbourne_Herald_in such areas as the police beat before going off to Oxford.

He returned to a situation slightly less full of promise than he had thought. Although Sir Keith was powerful at the Melbourne_Herald_, he lacked the shares for full control.

At all events, following the death of his father, Rupert was left with only a small province of what had been, prospectively, a large empire. His father had, along the way, acquired the Adelaide_Daily News_and it was in Adelaide, with this afternoon paper, that Murdoch really began his newspapering career.

Success in Adelaide brought him to Sydney and a serious engagement in the savage world of Australian journalism, in particular, Australian newspaper wars. A famous adornment of Australias press world had been the Norton family, father and son. Old John Norton was a crazed, villainous megalomaniac, given to such statements in his magazine_Truth_that Winston Churchill was a witless wild ass, a bulgy-eyed, frothy-mouthed, loose-tongued, leather-lunged, British Yankee half-breed a demented decadent, the blatant brain-mad bounder this sibilating shyster. The old boy was noted, among other antics, for urinating publicly in the chamber of the state legislature.

His son Ezra later remembered his father calling him to observe the crowds strolling home from church beneath his balcony. Look at them, said old John as he studied his readers, look at them in all their Sunday finery, the bloody hypocrites. Never forget this, my son. When you carry on my great work in_Truth_, keeping up its traditions, without fear or favour, you will be in the same position of trust as me, always able to pour a bucket of shit over the lot of them.

The great newspaper battle in Sydney was between two afternoon papers, the_Mirror_, owned by Ezra Norton, and the_Sun_, owned by the Fairfax interests. On Ezras death, the Fairfax-cum-Melbourne_Herald_crowd briefly held the_Sun_before selling it to Murdoch, thinking that the would-be press tycoon would sink under its weight.

As other opponents later discovered, it is a mistake to underestimate Murdoch in a circulation war. The competition was terrific, and the recipe was one of titillation (notably schoolgirls diaries) and muckraking. Murdoch, again in a pattern, got a good editor called Zell Rabin (who worked ceaselessly and died prematurely) and went to it. The war more or less continues to this day. One editor on the Sydney_Morning Herald describes_the_Mirror_and the_Sun_as perhaps the two worst in the world. Through four editions each day the two battle it out. The_Sun_is less raunchy, the_Mirror_s girls bulge provocatively. The suggestion of a nipple in the first edition becomes an announcement in the second. In 1974, the rivalry reached an exquisite point when the two papers announced competing comic-strip versions of the Bible. After three days the_Sun_was well ahead, having reached Samson, whereas the_Mirror_was still in the Garden of Eden.

Gradually, Murdoch expanded his interests, establishing his access to bank money and buying up profitable strings of suburban newspapers such as the Cumberland group. He acquired the Sidney_Daily Telegraph_and in 1965 started up a national paper,_The Australian_in Canberra. Present claims that this is a jewel of seriousness in a crown of tripe are a little overstated._The Australian_has seriously declined in quality. But it was a creditable gamble by Murdoch.

In the mid-60s, Murdoch met the would-be press tycoon Robert Maxwell, over from Britain on a business spree. Murdoch formed a low estimate of this character and is quoted by one memorialist as saying at the time that he would travel halfway around the world to throw the fellow a concrete lifebelt. Then his chance came. Maxwell was trying to take over the_News of the World_, the famed receptacle of British prurience. Murdoch immediately joined the other side, namely the defending team of Carr-Jackson interests, who were paralysed as rabbits in the face of Maxwells forceful overtures. Murdoch instantly perceived the correct ploy, which was to attack the share price of Pergamon, Maxwell s company, and the currency in which he was making his bid. Murdoch also turned his investigators loose on Maxwells Australian operations. By such techniques, Murdoch routed Maxwell, and, indeed, inflicted a permanent dent on that gentlemans career. Simultaneously, he turned on the _News of the World_owners who were hopefully waving him back off to Australia again and told them brusquely he was there to stay.

His second big newspapering chance came in the early 1970s in Britain. IPC the London_Daily Mirror_s company was desperatelytrying to keep_The Sun_, a wobbling liberal daily descended from the old socialist_Daily Herald_, afloat. Resigning themselves to permanent loss, they finally sold it to Murdoch. At that time the_Mirror was_the leading tabloid in England. Once again, as in Sidney, Murdoch fought a hard and no doubt formative circulation war. Connoisseurs well remember the loving care with which_Sun_subeditors would discuss the girl picture on page three, debating the effects of chiaroscuro and lighting, whereas the_Mirror_s men would guiltily bung in their pinup with shameful laxity. Murdochs team, socking out the sex and tightly edited stories and stirring headlines, has now won the day.

Murdoch, with such successes and a handy slice of London Weekend Television stock under his belt, came to the United States in 1973. He launched_The National Star_with a disastrous $5 million ad campaign disastrous since few copies were actually available for the eager readers. He bought the_San Antonio Express and Evening News_for $17 million, making the lattera byword with such great headlines as the one which pushed aside the national Democratic convention: THUGS ROB EX-MAYOR, BEAT DOG. Now, after trying to buy the_Los Angeles Herald Examiner_and the_Washington Star_, he has the_Post_. Simultaneously, he is on the verge of buying the_Observer_.

There are a number of things to get straight about Murdoch. He is not, as_Time_suggests this week, just interested in making merry and making money. He is extremely interested in politics, and his views, notably in Australia, have had enormous effect. In 1972, almost all Murdochs Australian newspapers keenly supported Gough Whitlam and the Australian Labor Party, out of power for over 25 years.

After Whitlams victory Murdochs general manager, John Menadue, went to work for Whitlam as his private secretary and is now Australian ambassador in Tokyo. Murdochs disillusion with Whitlam was fairly rapid. By 1974, his papers were warming up against Whitlam a feud, say some, fuelled by the fact that Whitlam blocked the transfer of funds out of Australia which Murdoch needed for newspaper and mining enterprises.

The campaign Murdoch ran in all his Australian newspapers against Whitlam was unbelievably ferocious. Journalists, particularly on_The Australian_, were ordered to turn out the assaults and were shouldered aside or ejected by Murdochs anti-Whitlam heavy cadres if they refused. Volley after volley of fierce editorials (sometimes such as the brief one in the Sydney Mirror, announcing To hell with the MPs. All of them, no matter their party) ranged out across the country. Finally, Whitlam was dismissed by the Governor-General, amid Murdochian applause. Labor unions boycotted The Australian. Crowds invaded the Sydney_Mirror_and burned copies of the paper in the streets. Even after Whitlams fall, Murdoch kept up the attack: personally sending dispatches about Whitlam to his Australian papers about the fallen premiers bizarre dealings with the Iraqis. Murdochs English papers have been similarly pungent about left-wing Labor MPs. His early laborite views seem to be diminishing. He is, in short, far from being a Roy Thomson, merely tracking his papers for profit margins.

It should also be remembered that Murdoch comes from an extremely rough school, probably the roughest journalistic school in the world. Australian journalists often fondly recall famed anecdotes of the press magnates fearsome behavior: Sir Frank Packer hiring a boxer to beat up one of his own columnists and so forth. Murdoch was formed in these genteel surroundings and has been fending for himself successfully ever since.

Employees across the world hold him in relatively good esteem. He makes a point of remembering all their names and is at home in his newsrooms. The business side of all his papers is tightly and efficiently run. He does not casually splurge money. He believes in competitive tension, having executives vie with each other in a sort of Social-Darwinist free-fire zone of overlapping responsibilities until the fittest triumphs. Sometimes this works. Sometimes it does not: the_Star_ has been through about six editors, including Murdoch himself. This can make his businesses uncomfortable places for senior personnel to work. One recurring pattern is that Murdoch will finally find the right editor for one of his papers and enjoy fine relations with him until some immense bust-up after about three years terminates the relationship. Ruthless purges are not unknown in his organisation. He believes, as he says, in English subeditors and Australian journalists. In a crisis, he tends to fall back on the Australian Mafia.

How quickly will Murdoch move in on the_Post_? No doubt his financial aide George Viles will go down with him, as will James Brady now in idle gear at the_Star_. An early entry may be Ray Kerrison, the_Star_s racing man. He is not particularly afraid of a circulation war with the_Daily News_s possible bulldog edition (carrying close-of-market results, put out at 4 p.m.). He reckons that with the McCormick trust going public next year and the unions demanding separate staffing for the bulldog edition, the News-Tribune group would not like to see its public offering damaged by any losses in New York. Otherwise, he is ready for war.

Hell ask a lot of his writers, some of whom may be unused to the ministrations of English subeditors. An early onslaught of naked women in the_Post_is not expected, since as one recent employee put it this is Ruperts bid for respectability. Besides which, this particular brew is not what he regards as being called for at the_Post_, at least not in present circumstances. Someone I spoke to compared him jovially with Jimmy Carter: high purposes, with no reluctance to descend into the mire when circumstances require it. Above all, as Murdoch said to me, he likes to sell more newspapers than the next fellow. Possibly spurred by some sense of competition with his famous father, he now is a major newspaper force in three separate areas of the English-speaking world. Hes a likable fellow, but no one could say that he has got to his present powerful position by consistently overestimating the intelligence of his readers. The final addendum to this thought is that many acquaintances and employees think that, in the right circumstances, he is not necessarily prone to underestimating it either.

In an exclusive interview with me at the end of last week, Australian press baron Rupert Murdoch told all. Lounging in his plush Fifth Avenue apartment, sipping a Scotch and soda, the 45-year-old millionaire tycoon spilled the inside story of his daring gamble in buying the ailing Post from New Yorks first lady of journalism, Dorothy Schiff. He lashed back at the critics who say he is nothing but a peddler of printed garbage. He confessed his secret plan to change the face of New York. He confided his dreams and his mistakes, his life as an outsider in Britain, his love of the United States. Here is the real Rupert Murdoch.

Who made the first approach on the_Post_sale?

I did. Ive seen Dolly on and off and got to know her over the last three years. Shes been very friendly, but wed never discussed buying or selling the paper. Then, last September, I went down and had a bite of lunch with her, and we got talking about business and politics, and I sensed she was very tired. She said she was very tired. She knew what was necessary to turn the paper around and get it done right, but she felt she just didnt have the energy left. She really made the opening, though she didnt really mean to, I think.

I said, if you want to get rid of it, let me know. Im here. She said, Oh, youd be interested, would you? Everyone tells me you were, but youve never said it. Now youve said it. I didnt push. I deliberately took the risk that someone might come in under me. I thought that while it was making money she obviously wasnt going to go. Thats what it boiled down to.

So she said, Where do we go from here? I asked her what she really wanted to do. Did she want to get out? Did she want a partner? She said if she got out shed get out totally. She said shed like to write a column. Im delighted to have her write a column. It gets her to keep an identity of her own.

It was very difficult indeed to arrive at a figure. I promised I cant say, but the guessing is around $30 million, and thats right, 10 per cent either way. If you buy the_Kansas City Star_, you pay three times the revenue, because its a monopoly and a license to steal money forever. Or you pay 50 times earnings, or 40 times earnings. Then you get to a paper which is not making money, so you cant take a p/e. In the end, you say, if were very successful, how much can we make. Then you make allowances that its in New York and allowances for the fact that youre bloody keen to get it and a certain amount of sense goes out the window, and you do the deal. Youve got a gut feeling about it.

What does final ratification of the agreement depend on?

Our auditors have got to be satisfied that the figures they have given us are true. Thats all. I have to get permission of the Bank of England and the Reserve Bank of Australia, which is simple. Weve got the wink. Its a back-to-back loan. Perfectly normal. We still take the exchange risk as far as England goes. We deposit 10 million pounds, on which we earn from the Bank of England the local rate of interest, 16 or 17 per cent or whatever, and another bank here lends us $10 million, not $15 million. We bring the money directly from Australia and borrow the rest locally.

So what do you think should be done with the_Post_?

Ive got to study whats there. I dont want to give the impression that theres no one any good there. Weve got to improve the authority and the quality of its writing in the arts, the womens section, and finance. Youve already got it in sports. But one must never take ones eye off sports. Make it better still if one can. There has to be better television coverage. These are the ribs of the paper that need to be fixed first and made a lot better. You can give authority through the arts and through finance.

In features, we should thin out the columns a bit and have two or three pages of varying features all the time about New York service material. Take what_New York_magazine has done. It walked into a void there, looking after middle-class New Yorkers, telling them how to live here.

We should not be frightened to react to the news quickly, with a three-parter or five-parter on what happens to be interesting and appropriate at the time. But there really are too many columns in the bloody paper. Eight columns a day. They seem to be there because theyre available, rather than for any quality. Its a cheap way of filling the paper.

Which columns do you like?

Im growing irritated by Evans and Novak. It doesnt represent my political point of view, but I like Buckley. I tend to read him. I get cross about it, but the column is articulate. Evans and Novak tend to be sucking up to the political establishment in Washington, because Kissinger is leaking to them, or someone else. But I shouldnt knock them too much. They often break a story. Carl Rowan I can read. Sylvia Porter everyone tells me shes wonderful, but Id put her back in finance or the womens pages or a service area. You should have a page or two of first-class political columns leading articles and cartoons. I read Wechslers column. Theres something gray, something dull about paper. Dolly insists the best piece in there is one she put in instead of Anderson, where she rips them all off.

How do you see the front page?

A harder headline. A couple of stories on the front page. Certainly get all those pointers off the top and have a clean, decent masthead. I dont know they never do it in America, but Id like a seal, just the edition name put there in red. A bit of red gives you better black-and-white contrast, somehow.

But its the words, picking the right story to lead with, having the right story to lead with. Take the story about Patty Hearst being released: we had that story in our bureau here at the_National Star_about 10 hours before the_Post_ broke it in their last edition. Theres something wrong with the news gathering. The reporters are too busy writing essays about city government or about their favourite hobby horses and not getting the hard stuff courts, politics. Theres room for features, plenty of room for serious features. Dont get me wrong.

How do you see the_Post_in relation to the_News_?

I cant make up my mind about the_News_. Sometimes I think all its done is just get boring, and that the editors and people there are just too worried about what their neighbours in Westchester County think about it. The _News_should be violent and blood and guts. Sure, it can have some great writing in it, too. But it chickens out of too many stories. Other times, you have to say to yourself, its great. I dont like its new layout. These wide columns and big type are just slowing it up. I know its the rage in America to have wider and wider columns. I think theyre harder to read, slower to read.

How about areas of readership?

It is obviously a Jewish middle-class paper. Theres probably one and a half million, two million people who read it every night. Youve got to do a better job for them, stop them grumbling about 25 cents, and make them feel theyre getting their moneys worth.

What cut the readership down was the price rise. Dolly kept raising the price without putting anything extra in the paper. We certainly cant raise the price again in the foreseeable future. Its a worry, the newsstands closing. Maybe well have to give them a better margin, so they can stay open longer.

Make them feel theyre getting their moneys worth. The next thing, youve got to broaden the appeal, get the Irish and the Italians and whoever else. I think the sport is a problem there. The sport is very good, but its rather up-market in the way its written. Its a bit above the head of the average I dont want to sound the coloured population, well, the blacks here. If they read anything, they tend to read the _Daily News_and they do it for the sport. Basically, they are not buying newspapers. You know, we will try and get into that area. The_News_is right, youve got to do it via sports. Youre not going to do it with a pretty essay. Youve got to be able to quicken the pace.

What about your views of American journalism as a whole?

Worthy and lazy. Often bloody lazy. I dont want to come in knocking American journalism, but I really think the British subeditors are still the best in the world, and I think on the whole that Australian reporters are the best in the world: its energy, aggressiveness, and so on.

Do you think American journalists have lost the techniques of being popular?

Right. They cant even bloody write on and on and on and on. Importing English subeditors is dangerous, but I wish to God the Americans would learn the techniques of English subbing. The stories in the_Post_ are not very well written, and they go on too long. Theres no subbing. Theres no one writing good headlines down there. I dont know who the news editor is, and who are organising the stories. It seems to me theyre not covering the basics of New York. I dont know what reporting is going on through the night. There must be tremendous well, there are crime stories after the last edition of the News_has gone to bed, waiting for the first edition of the_Post. You never see one.

Gossip? Look at the gossip writer she hires. He may be a great guy, but the first piece he writes is 600 words apologising for being a gossip writer. I never would have published it. Never. Youve got great stories. Carey carrying on in 21 last night or wherever. Just doorstep Carey every night.

What are your feelings about your political role as a newspaper proprietor here?

In the big political primaries, we were the only major paper in Texas to support Carter. Im a bit of a political buff. I love politics. I would have known enough to predict the results of all recent elections, though I was surprised how well Bella Abzug did. Beyond that, what right have I got to have political influence? I pay my taxes here. Ive got my green card. Of course, Im interested, fascinated by it. Im not the Roy Thomson type of newspaper proprietor, just making money out of newspapers. I get a lot of kicks out of the political side of it.

Who would you support if there was an election in Britain tomorrow?

Put the government out, put the Conservatives in. I made the_News of the World_come out for Labor in 1970. The editors who prided themselves on being more left than me wanted to come out for Edward Heath in 74. I stopped that. I didnt come out for Labor. I said all right, well agree to disagree and sit it out.

In 1972, I ran all the election policies of my papers in Australia and got deeply, far too deeply, involved. Looking back, we did some dreadful things to the other side. We lost a lot of advertising revenue, too. But in 1972 all the journalists felt the same way. In 1975, I changed my mind. It wasnt out of any deep disillusion with the principles of the Labor Party. I was deeply sad. I thought it was a dreadful thing to be going back to the Conservatives so soon. Labor had been out for 23 years. It was the last chance of having a sane Labor government. I dont mean a right-wing Labor government. I mean one that would have made a lot of changes and which, I hoped, would even go so far as to take us into a republic at one stage. They chickened on that. They were just bloody weak. Whitlam was a disaster. Its true, I did come in and turn our papers around. I think half our staff was with us. On_The Australian,_there were still people committed to the changes Whitlam had tried. They tried to overlook the failures, and there was a clash. I deny completely that we twisted the news. But we can argue that forever. Nineteen-seventy-five rather got me the reputation of being a reactionary, very conveniently overlooking what wed done in 1972. In 1972, I wrote the leaders [editorials] every day in the [Sydney]Daily Mirror.

Would you be that involved here?

No. I hope I can control myself.

Well, what with_The Sun_and the San Antonio paper, the image is of you as a monstrous journalistic villain, keen on ambulance chasing and sticking tarts on the cover. How relevant is all that, so far as the_Post_is concerned? How do you react to that kind of image of you?

I think people misread it, of course. It suits our critics to say that we publish terrible papers._The Sun_in London isnt bad at all. The people who say its a terrible paper its quite clear they only look at the girl on page three. Its quite clear they dont read it. Or get its political message, or read its features, or see what its about._The Sun_is striking a chord. Its being read by everyone under 40._The Mirror_must be cooking their books somewhere when theysay they are 50,000 in front of us. I think_The Sun_is an honest and very professionalexercise in popular journalism in England. In England, youve got 50 million people you can reach at the end of a train every morning. My logic was that there just had to be room for more than one tabloid. The rest is history. You only had to get 20 per cent of the market. Here its quite different.

Well, somewhere in between. In Australia, or America, some average city here, you have to sell to everybody. Theres not room for two of you. You tend to have a bland approach. You cant really define a section of the market, a section of the public where you are just going to give them the paper they want. You go for the under-45s, and the over-65s will be offended. There are different sexual mores. Its amazing. You put a pretty girl on the paper. A pretty girl, I dont mean nude. You do that in the_Star_and they pull the place down. Its dreadful the store owners, its terrible. But you can publish an article of the most specific sexuality and not a murmur. Its the reverse in England. More open and honest about it. Of course, theres a great art to it. Those girls in_The Sun_are glamorous birds. Theyre not tarts, they are not dirty, suggestive pictures. But here, for instance,_Cosmopolitan_the other day had a cover with a girl where there was a suggestion of a nipple. They got in a lot of trouble from their advertisers. The advertising department was terrified. The free copies went out with stickers planted right on the nipple.

The San Antonio paper? Well, they ignore what weve done with the_Express_down there, which is not as good as wed like it to be, but is full of_New York Times_and_Washington Post_stuff, and some very good investigative stuff. Its a bit conservative, and the circulation hasnt gone up at all. So far as the_News_is concerned, we wondered about it and wondered about it and thought, what are people doing for news, where were they getting it certainly not from the Hearst papers. We studied the TV programs. The leading channel by a mile was a station that put on two hours of local news every afternoon and was just following the cops around with mobile cameras blood and guts. And we turned the_News_pretty sharply, with lots of crime reporting and the courts. Its a pretty violent city, San Antonio. The funny thing is that a generation ago some previous owner of the paper had been very anti-Mexican, and we had to live this down, and we said the Mexicans will love this and theyll buy it. We didnt put more than a few hundred on the West side. It was the gringos, deeply shocked by this, who turned out to buy it. All the increase went on on the affluent North side. So there you are.

Why did you come here?

Three things worried me about Fleet Street, why we had a go here. The first thing was the frustration, the daily bloody arguments with chapels, broken agreements, endless fights. I remember seeing Roy Thomson and he said, Why arent you in Australia? I said, why arent you in Canada, and he said, I wont let the bastards beat me. I said to myself, I dont want to be a bitter old man of 80, saying I dont want the bastards to beat me, when they would have beaten me 40 years before. There was something awfully tragic about his attitude to it.

And the other thing was, I just wasnt prepared to join the system. You know, if Id stayed in England much longer maybe I just have an inferiority complex about being an Australian. My wife accuses me of this sometimes. But youve got some money, and you tend to send your kids to the school you can most afford; you join the old-school-tie system and youre going to be dragged into the so-called social establishment somehow. I never was. Just as we were being invited round to places, wed catch Lord Lambton in bed or something, and then wed be barred from everything. In England, youre a big fish; people are always looking at you because the press loves to make a lot of you, to attack you. Its very difficult not at some point to be sucked into the establishment. The last thing I wanted was to be a bloody press lord. I think, when people start taking knighthoods and peerages, it really is telling the world youve sold out. Ive never been offered one; well, Ive been offered a knighthood a few times, but no, I wouldnt take one.

America is a much freer society, but the business framework of the American press is such that its very hard. There must be a way through it. I havent found it yet, but the New York_Post_is a great start. Well try. The_Star_turned out to be an impossible dream. We had to let it devolve into a womens weekly newspaper, because you can only get to the public in a supermarket, and 90 per cent of the buyers there are women. It was an impossible dream as a weekly popular newspaper. I would say its over 1.5 million. Its good. It makes about $20,000 a week. I thought, flushed with success in England, I suppose, that we could rush in here and we would have something making a lot of money, which would be nice and impressive to the bankers when we borrowed the money to buy a big paper. But its taken a lot of money and a lot of effort, though we learned a lot about the way the system works and the barriers to starting on the national level.

Still, the charge against you is that you go for the gut readership, the down-market readership, and then you sock it very hard. And theres little evidence apart from_The Australian_ that youre interested in much else. Why, ultimately, are you in newspapers at all?

Theres two answers two explanations. One is that we started with a very small paper 20 years ago in Adelaide and weve never had much money. Weve always had to borrow and expand and weve always had to buy whats available. So we always got the sick papers and had to turn them around. And so with our biggest papers, it was always a battle for survival. So we had to go for circulation not necessarily a bad thing.

The second explanation is that I am if you can psychoanalyse yourself a very competitive fellow, and I like selling more papers than the next guy. Have I cut corners, against my own principles? I would argue not. Not that I think every single story we have ever run is perfect. I dont think there is anything to be ashamed of in selling as many papers as you can. Sometimes, in The Sun, the packaging has been blatantly entertaining. No harm in that. I dont think weve corrupted the morals of the British people. Why am I in papers? I just love it. The only other thing I like is politics, and Ive never let myself get into that. I think you prostitute your newspapers once you start joining political parties. People have done the two. But, to me, that would be really terrible.

Alexander CockburnsGuillotined!,A Colossal WreckandAn Orgy of Thieves: Neoliberalism and Its Discontentsare available from CounterPunch.

First published in COUNTERPUNCH September 22, 2023